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pos_reference_guide.md

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+# POS (Part of Speech) Reference Guide
+
+This document provides comprehensive descriptions for all Part of Speech (POS) tags found in the Wiktionary dataset.
+
+## Common POS Tags
+
+### abbrev
+**Full Name**: Abbreviation  
+**Description**: A shortened form of a word or phrase, such as "Dr." for "Doctor" or "etc." for "et cetera". Abbreviations are used to represent longer terms in a condensed form.
+
+### adj
+**Full Name**: Adjective  
+**Description**: A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun. Adjectives provide additional information about qualities, states, or characteristics, such as "beautiful", "large", "red", or "happy".
+
+### adj_noun
+**Full Name**: Adjective-Noun Compound  
+**Description**: A compound word that functions as both an adjective and a noun, or a word that can serve either role depending on context.
+
+### adj_phrase
+**Full Name**: Adjectival Phrase  
+**Description**: A group of words that functions as an adjective, modifying a noun or noun phrase. Examples include "very tall", "extremely happy", or "made of wood".
+
+### adnominal
+**Full Name**: Adnominal  
+**Description**: A word or phrase that modifies a noun, typically preceding it. Similar to an adjective but can include other elements that function noun-modifying roles.
+
+### adv
+**Full Name**: Adverb  
+**Description**: A word that modifies a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a clause, or a whole sentence. Adverbs often indicate manner, place, time, degree, or frequency, such as "quickly", "very", "here", or "often".
+
+### adv_phrase
+**Full Name**: Adverbial Phrase  
+**Description**: A group of words that functions as an adverb, modifying verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Examples include "very quickly", "in the morning", or "with great care".
+
+### affix
+**Full Name**: Affix  
+**Description**: A morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form. This includes prefixes, suffixes, infixes, and circumfixes.
+
+### ambiposition
+**Full Name**: Ambiposition  
+**Description**: A word that can function as both a preposition and a postposition depending on its position relative to the noun phrase it modifies.
+
+### article
+**Full Name**: Article  
+**Description**: A determiner that precedes a noun and indicates whether the noun is specific or general. In English, this includes "a", "an", and "the".
+
+### character
+**Full Name**: Character  
+**Description**: A single letter, number, or symbol used in writing. In linguistic contexts, this often refers to individual graphemes, logograms, or writing system characters, particularly in non-alphabetic scripts.
+
+### circumfix
+**Full Name**: Circumfix  
+**Description**: An affix that has two parts, one placed at the beginning of a word and the other at the end. Common in languages like German (e.g., "ge-...-t" for past participles).
+
+### circumpos
+**Full Name**: Circumposition  
+**Description**: A word or set of words that surrounds a noun phrase, functioning similarly to a preposition or postposition but with elements on both sides.
+
+### classifier
+**Full Name**: Classifier  
+**Description**: A word or morpheme used in some languages to categorize the noun it accompanies, often based on semantic properties like shape, animacy, or function. Common in East Asian languages.
+
+### clause
+**Full Name**: Clause  
+**Description**: A grammatical unit that contains a subject and a predicate. Can be independent (main clause) or dependent (subordinate clause).
+
+### combining_form
+**Full Name**: Combining Form  
+**Description**: A linguistic element that appears only in combination with other elements to form words, often derived from Greek or Latin roots (e.g., "bio-", "photo-", "-graphy").
+
+### component
+**Full Name**: Component  
+**Description**: A linguistic element that forms part of a larger word or construction, typically without independent meaning.
+
+### conj
+**Full Name**: Conjunction  
+**Description**: A word that connects words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or) join equal elements, while subordinating conjunctions (because, although, if) create dependent relationships.
+
+### contraction
+**Full Name**: Contraction  
+**Description**: A shortened form of a word or group of words, often with an apostrophe replacing omitted letters. Examples include "don't" (do not), "can't" (cannot), or "I'm" (I am).
+
+### converb
+**Full Name**: Converb  
+**Description**: A non-finite verb form that functions as an adverbial, expressing temporal, causal, conditional, or other relationships between clauses. Found in many Turkic and other languages.
+
+### counter
+**Full Name**: Counter  
+**Description**: A word used in some languages to count specific types of nouns, similar to classifiers but often with numerical functions. Common in Japanese and other East Asian languages.
+
+### det
+**Full Name**: Determiner  
+**Description**: A word or affix that precedes a noun or noun phrase and expresses its reference or quantity. Includes articles, demonstratives, possessives, and quantifiers.
+
+### gerund
+**Full Name**: Gerund  
+**Description**: A verb form that ends in "-ing" (in English) and functions as a noun. Examples include "swimming is fun" or "I enjoy reading".
+
+### hard-redirect
+**Full Name**: Hard Redirect  
+**Description**: A Wiktionary entry that automatically redirects to another entry, typically for spelling variations or alternative forms.
+
+### infix
+**Full Name**: Infix  
+**Description**: An affix inserted into the middle of a word, rather than at the beginning or end. Common in Austronesian and other language families.
+
+### interfix
+**Full Name**: Interfix  
+**Description**: A connecting element, often without independent meaning, used to join two morphemes or words in compounds. Examples include "-s-" in "statesman" or "-o-" in "speedometer".
+
+### interj
+**Full Name**: Interjection  
+**Description**: A word or phrase that expresses emotion, exclamation, or sudden feeling. Examples include "Oh!", "Wow!", "Ouch!", or "Alas!".
+
+### intj
+**Full Name**: Interjection (Alternative spelling)  
+**Description**: Same as interj - a word or phrase expressing emotion or exclamation.
+
+### name
+**Full Name**: Name/Proper Noun  
+**Description**: A proper noun that refers to a specific person, place, organization, or other unique entity. Examples include "John", "London", "Microsoft", or "Mount Everest".
+
+### noun
+**Full Name**: Noun  
+**Description**: A word that represents a person, place, thing, idea, or concept. Nouns function as subjects, objects, or complements in sentences.
+
+### num
+**Full Name**: Numeral/Number  
+**Description**: A word or symbol that represents a numerical quantity or position. Includes cardinal numbers (one, two, three) and ordinal numbers (first, second, third).
+
+### onomatopoeia
+**Full Name**: Onomatopoeia  
+**Description**: A word that phonetically imitates the sound it describes. Examples include "buzz", "meow", "bang", "splash", or "tick-tock".
+
+### onomatopeia
+**Full Name**: Onomatopoeia (Alternative spelling)  
+**Description**: Same as onomatopoeia - a word that imitates the sound it represents.
+
+### participle
+**Full Name**: Participle  
+**Description**: A non-finite verb form that can function as an adjective or be used in compound tenses. In English, includes present participles (-ing) and past participles (-ed, -en).
+
+### particle
+**Full Name**: Particle  
+**Description**: A word that does not fit into the major word classes but has grammatical function. Includes discourse markers, focus particles, and other function words.
+
+### phrase
+**Full Name**: Phrase  
+**Description**: A group of words that functions as a single unit in a sentence but does not contain both a subject and a finite verb. Can be noun phrases, verb phrases, prepositional phrases, etc.
+
+### postp
+**Full Name**: Postposition  
+**Description**: A function word that follows its object, similar to a preposition but placed after the noun phrase. Common in languages like Japanese, Korean, and Finnish.
+
+### prefix
+**Full Name**: Prefix  
+**Description**: An affix added to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning or create a new word. Examples include "un-", "re-", "pre-", "mis-".
+
+### prep
+**Full Name**: Preposition  
+**Description**: A function word that typically precedes a noun phrase and shows the relationship between its object and another element in the sentence. Examples include "in", "on", "at", "by", "for".
+
+### prep_phrase
+**Full Name**: Prepositional Phrase  
+**Description**: A phrase that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun (the object of the preposition). Functions as an adjective or adverb in sentences.
+
+### preverb
+**Full Name**: Preverb  
+**Description**: A prefix or separate word that modifies the meaning of a verb, often indicating direction, aspect, or other semantic features. Common in Native American and other languages.
+
+### pron
+**Full Name**: Pronoun  
+**Description**: A word that replaces a noun or noun phrase. Includes personal pronouns (I, you, he), demonstrative pronouns (this, that), and relative pronouns (who, which).
+
+### proverb
+**Full Name**: Proverb  
+**Description**: A short, traditional saying that expresses a perceived truth, piece of advice, or common observation. Examples include "A stitch in time saves nine" or "Actions speak louder than words".
+
+### punct
+**Full Name**: Punctuation  
+**Description**: Symbols used in writing to separate sentences, clauses, and elements within sentences. Includes periods, commas, semicolons, question marks, etc.
+
+### quantifier
+**Full Name**: Quantifier  
+**Description**: A word or phrase that indicates quantity or amount. Examples include "some", "many", "few", "all", "several", "much".
+
+### romanization
+**Full Name**: Romanization  
+**Description**: The representation of text from a non-Latin writing system in Latin script. Used for transliteration of languages like Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, etc.
+
+### root
+**Full Name**: Root  
+**Description**: The core morpheme of a word that carries the primary meaning, to which affixes can be attached.
+
+### soft-redirect
+**Full Name**: Soft Redirect  
+**Description**: A Wiktionary entry that provides a link to another entry but may include additional information or context before the redirect.
+
+### stem
+**Full Name**: Stem  
+**Description**: The part of a word to which inflectional affixes are attached. The stem may include the root plus derivational affixes.
+
+### suffix
+**Full Name**: Suffix  
+**Description**: An affix added to the end of a word to modify its meaning or create a new word. Examples include "-ing", "-ed", "-ly", "-tion".
+
+### syllable
+**Full Name**: Syllable  
+**Description**: A unit of pronunciation having one vowel sound, with or without surrounding consonants, forming the whole or a part of a word.
+
+### symbol
+**Full Name**: Symbol  
+**Description**: A character or mark that represents something else, such as mathematical symbols (+, -, ×), currency symbols ($, €, £), or other special characters.
+
+### typographic variant
+**Full Name**: Typographic Variant  
+**Description**: An alternative form of a word or character that differs in typography but represents the same linguistic item, such as "œ" vs "oe" or different ligatures.
+
+### unknown
+**Full Name**: Unknown  
+**Description**: A part of speech that could not be determined or classified during the extraction process.
+
+### verb
+**Full Name**: Verb  
+**Description**: A word that expresses an action, state, or occurrence. Verbs function as the main element of predicates and can be conjugated for tense, mood, aspect, and voice.
+
+## Summary
+
+This dataset contains 57 different POS tags, ranging from common categories like noun, verb, and adjective to specialized linguistic terms like circumfix, converb, and classifier. The diversity reflects the comprehensive nature of Wiktionary data across multiple languages and writing systems.